The European Commission has begun to set out legal requirements for Apple to open up all of iOS and iPadOS to third parties, on top of allowing rival App Stores and payment systems.

European regulators want Apple to open up device pairing, notifications and more to other companies' products.

Apple's devices, like the Apple Watch, are commercially important and rely on interoperability with smartphones and operating systems like iOS. The first process the Commission is starting focuses on how different devices connect and talk to each other.